ABSTRACT
Objective To learn the epidemic characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS)among rural adults in Changshan County and to provide evidence for developing control and prevention measures.Methods A total of 1 21 2 residents aged over 1 8 years old in four towns were selected by multi -stage stratified cluster random sampling method and an investigation including questionnaire,physical examination and blood biochemical examination was conducted.Results The crude prevalence rate of MS among rural adults in Changshan County was 30.61 % and the standardized prevalence rate was 26.32%.The MS prevalence rate was significantly higher in females than in males (P <0.01 ).The major risk factors for MS were female gender (OR =1 .98),elderly age (OR =1 .02)and family history of hypertension (OR =1 .60). Conclusion The prevalence rate of MS is considerably high in rural areas of Changshan County and effective measures should be taken at early stage.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It is uncertain whether genotypes of Candida albicans (C. albicans) are associated with colonizing body locations or variant conditions of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are significant associations between strain genotypes and body sites of infection and to determine the potential pathogenesis of cutaneous candidiasis at multiple locations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 151 strains of C. albicans were isolated from 74 infant patients with cutaneous candidiasis and 61 female patients with vaginal candidiasis. Patients were grouped according to the body sites and underlying conditions of infection. Genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 25S rDNA and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of ALT repeats digested with EcoRI and Clal.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten genotypes were detected. There were significant differences in genotype frequencies between the two groups. However, we found no clear association between genotypes and the sites of cutaneous infection or the underlying conditions of vaginal candidiasis (VVC). In addition, strains of C. albicans from multiple cutaneous locations of the same patient had identical genotypes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Populations of C. albicans from patients with cutaneous and vaginal candidiasis were genetically different. However, the lack of genetic difference between strains from different body sites with cutaneous infections or from different underlying conditions for VVC suggests no evidence of genotype selection for different skin surfaces or patients with different underlying conditions for VVC.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Candida albicans , Classification , Genetics , Candidiasis, Cutaneous , Virology , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal , Virology , Genotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the environmental risk factors during the first trimester responsible for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate to collect data for prevention of this congenital defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors by means of field investigation with standardized questionnaires. Single factor analysis and logistic regression of the data are performed using SPSS 13.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multifactorial analysis revealed that folic acid was significantly associated with lowered incidence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (OR=0.100, 95%CI: 0.032-0.312), whereas maternal infection (OR=4.155, 95%CI: 2.166-7.970), poisonous chemical exposure (OR=6.816, 95%CI: 2.528-18.381) and emotional stress (OR=3.250, 95%CI: 1.477-7.154) were risk factors for this defect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sufficient follic acid intake and prevention of infection and poisonous chemical exposure during the first trimester are measures to reduce the risks of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.</p>